Delhi/Hyderabad, Oct 6 (Maxim News): The Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine for 2025 has been awarded to three people. Mary E Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the prize for their discoveries of how the body’s immune system is prevented from attacking its own organs.
Their research focused on a mechanism called peripheral immune tolerance. Through this, they showed the world how specialized immune cells called regulatory T Cells act as guardians that protect the body from autoimmune diseases. The Nobel Prize Committee announced that the award was given for identifying the peripheral immune tolerance system, which prevents our immune system from attacking our own cells. They discovered that some of the T-cells, which act as sentinels of the immune system, are controlled from becoming overactive.
The immune system releases certain cells to fight off microbes that attack the body. T-cells are one of these. However, some special T-cells control other immune system cells and prevent them from responding excessively. This discovery has opened up a new branch of immunology. It has opened up the way to develop new treatments for autoimmune diseases (where the immune system attacks its own organism) such as cancer, diabetes, and arthritis. In addition, their discovery has helped prevent the body from rejecting new organs during organ transplants.
The fact tht the immune system does not repeatedly attack healthy body tissue has long puzzled scientists. Many attempts have been made to find out why this is the case. This mystery was solved this year when Nobel Prize winners discovered that special T-cells control other immune cells. It is noteworthy that diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis are all, in some cases, caused by attacks by the immune system.
The total cash prize for Nobel laureates is 11 million Swedish kronor. This is about 10 crores in Indian currency. This year, three scientists in the field of medicine. Mary E.Brankov, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi have won this prize and will share this 11 million kronor equally. In addition to the cash, each Nobel laureate receives a Gold Medal. An 18 carat gold medal with a portrait of Alfred Nobe made by the Nobel Foundation. Each winner receives a specially designed diploma. (Maxim News)
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